These accounts are unusu­al because most of the 33 nar­ra­tors remained in Poland after the war. Escap­ing or avoid­ing the ghet­to, they had hid­den their Jew­ish iden­ti­ties in order to sur­vive. To make a deci­sion to hide, a child had to have ​“good looks” (blond with Pol­ish fea­tures), a good accent, con­tacts on the Aryan side, and finan­cial resources. Act­ing skills and the abil­i­ty to assess each sit­u­a­tion were essen­tial. A child might even have to act anti-Semit­ic at times. Some lived with Pol­ish fam­i­lies or in con­vents under assumed iden­ti­ties. Some went into hid­ing in cam­ou­flaged bunkers in the forests. Oth­ers joined par­ti­san groups and active­ly fought in the Resis­tance. Two of them expe­ri­enced con­cen­tra­tion camps. All suf­fered trag­ic loss­es. Orphaned in vary­ing degrees from their fam­i­lies and her­itage, and remain­ing in Poland, some were unaware of their Jew­ish ori­gins until years lat­er. A large por­tion of the col­lec­tion deals with the post­war peri­od. The authors’ Jew­ish iden­ti­ty and expe­ri­ences dur­ing the war not only deter­mined their fate, their phys­i­cal and men­tal health, the path they chose in their lives, their choice of part­ners, but also their rela­tion­ships with their own chil­dren. Often, their Jew­ish iden­ti­ty was kept even from their clos­est fam­i­ly. Most belong to the orga­ni­za­tion ​“Chil­dren of the Holo­caust,” and must be under con­stant psy­chi­atric care. The mem­oirs con­firm the well-known atti­tude of the Pol­ish peo­ple to the Jews. The dom­i­nant atti­tude was aver­sion or hos­til­i­ty toward those who were being anni­hi­lat­ed. There were, how­ev­er, right­eous peo­ple who did not hes­i­tate to endan­ger their own lives and those of their fam­i­lies in order to save a Jew­ish child, par­tic­u­lar­ly the ​“Pol­ish nan­ny” in a Jew­ish home who hid and fed their beloved Jew­ish charges. The sto­ry of Ire­na Sendler, as she is known today in the Unit­ed States, is notable. She is men­tioned twice by her Pol­ish sur­name in the book as find­ing hid­ing places and homes for thou­sands of Jew­ish chil­dren. It does not say that she record­ed their names, parent­age, etc. in glass jars which she buried under an apple tree for lat­er return to their parents.